Sovereign AI: securing India's strategic tech future

Question (10 marks, ~150 words):

'Sovereign AI is a strategic necessity for India, not techno-nationalism.' Discuss in the light of India's AI ambitions and constraints.

Define sovereign AI (compute+data+models, not isolation). Trigger: US model-access curbs. Case: strategic autonomy, security, economic value, DPI precedent, govt underwriting risk. Constraints: R&D ~0.6% GDP, chip dependence, talent, capital. Way forward: compute/chip capacity, Indian-language models, global integration. Balanced conclusion.